The Influence of Project-Based Learning Integrated with Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (PjBL-STEM) on Students' Critical Thinking Skills in Biology Education
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.19184/bioedu.v23i1.53417Keywords:
PjBL-STEM, Critical ThinkingAbstract
Project-Based Learning model integrated with Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (PjBL-STEM) is an innovative learning model that involves project work in which students independently construct their learning and accumulate it into tangible products. This study aims to measure the impact of the PjBL-STEM model on the critical thinking skills of 10th-grade students at MA Sumber Bungur Pakong, Pamekasan. The research method used is a quasi-experimental design with a Nonrandomized Control-Group Pretest-Posttest design. The research sample consisted of 47 students selected using random sampling techniques, divided into experimental and control groups. Data were collected through essay tests and questionnaires, and then analyzed using ANCOVA. The results indicate that the PjBL-STEM model has a significant effect on improving students' critical thinking skills. These findings suggest that PjBL-STEM is effective in developing critical thinking skills among students.
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References
Afifah, A. N., Ilmiyati, N., & Toto, T. (2019). Model Project Based Learning (PjBL) Berbasis STEM untuk Meningkatkan Penguasaan Konsep dan Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Siswa. Quagga: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Biologi, 11(2), 73. https://doi.org/10.25134/quagga.v11i2.1910
Andrews-Todd, J., & Kerr, D. (2019). Application of Ontologies for Assessing Collaborative Problem Solving Skills. International Journal of Testing, 19(2), 172–187. https://doi.org/10.1080/15305058.2019.1573823
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Baran, M., Baran, M., Karakoyun, F., & Maskan, A. (2021). The Influence of Project-Based STEM (PjbL-STEM) Applications on the Development of 21st-Century Skills. Journal of Turkish Science Education, 18(4), 798–815. https://doi.org/10.36681/tused.2021.104
Bulu, V. R., & Tanggur, F. (2021). The Effectiveness of STEM-Based PjBL on Student’s Critical Thinking Skills and Collaborative Attitude. Al-Jabar : Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 12(1), 219–228. https://doi.org/10.24042/ajpm.v12i1.8831
Chen, L., Yoshimatsu, N., Goda, Y., Okubo, F., Taniguchi, Y., Oi, M., Konomi, S., Shimada, A., Ogata, H., & Yamada, M. (2019). Direction of Collaborative Problem Solving-Based STEM Learning by Learning Analytics Approach. Research and Practice in Technology Enhanced Learning, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41039-019-0119-y
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Fiore, S. M., Graesser, A., & Greiff, S. (2018). Collaborative Problem-Solving Education for the Twenty-First-Century Workforce. Nature Human Behaviour, 2(6), 367–369. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-018-0363-y
He, Q., von Davier, M., Greiff, S., Steinhauer, E. W., & Borysewicz, P. B. (2017). Collaborative Problem Solving Measures in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). Methodology of Educational Measurement and Assessment, April, 95–111. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33261-1_7
Hesse, F., Care, E., Buder, J., Sassenberg, K., & Griffi, P. (2015). Assessment and Teaching of 21st Century Skills. Assessment and Teaching of 21st Century Skills, 37–57. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9395-7
Isro, A. L., Anggraito, Y. U., & Bintari, S. H. (2021). Description of Students’ Critical Thinking Skills in Integrated PjBL STEM Learning Environmental Change Material. Journal of Innovative Science Education, 10(3), 237–243.
Laboy-Rush, D. (2010). Integrated STEM education through game-based learning. 2238–2242. https://doi.org/10.51272/pmena.42.2020-381
Leedy, D. P., & Ormrod, J. E. (2021). Practical Research: Planning and Design (Twelfth Ed). Pearson Education Limited.
Noviyanti, M. (2011). Pengaruh Motivasi dan Keterampilan Berkomunikasi Terhadap Prestasi Belajar Mahasiswa pada Tutorial Online Berbasis Pendekatan Kontekstual pada Matakuliah Statistika Pendidikan. Jurnal Pendidikan, 12(2), 81–88.
Nurfaijah, S., Sumarni, W., Sumarti, S. S., & Kurniawan, C. (2021). Pengaruh Project Based Learning Terintegrasi STEM pada Pembelajaran Hidrolisis Garam terhadap Keaktifan Siswa. Chemistry in Education, 10(2252). https://doi.org/http://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/chemined
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Parno, Yuliati, L., Munfaridah, N., Ali, M., Rosyidah, F. U. N., & Indrasari, N. (2020). The Effect of Project Based Learning-STEM on Problem Solving Skills for Students in the Topic of Electromagnetic Induction. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1521(2). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1521/2/022025
Sasson, I., Yehuda, I., & Malkinson, N. (2018). Fostering the Skills of Critical Thinking and Question-Posing in a Project-Based Learning Environment. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 29, 203–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2018.08.001
Sinensis, A. R., Firman, H., Hamidah, I., & Muslim, M. (2019). Reconstruction of Collaborative Problem Solving Based Learning in Thermodynamics with the Aid of Interactive Simulation and Derivative Games. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1157(3). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1157/3/032042
Solihin, A., Wibowo, F. C., & Astra, I. M. (2021). Review of Trends Project Based Learning (PjBL) Integrated STEM in Physics Learning. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2019(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2019/1/012031
Syarifah, T. J., Usodo, B., & Riyadi, R. (2018). Higher Order Thinking (Hot) Problems To Develop Critical Thinking Ability and Student Self Efficacy in Learning Mathematics Primary Schools. Social, Humanities, and Educational Studies (SHEs): Conference Series, 1(1), 917–925. https://doi.org/10.20961/shes.v1i1.23676
Tipani, A. (2019). Implementasi STEAM Untuk Meningkatkan Penguasaan Konsep dan Kemampuan Analitis Siswa. Jurnal Bio Educatio, 4, 70–76.
Afifah, A. N., Ilmiyati, N., & Toto, T. (2019). Model Project Based Learning (PjBL) Berbasis STEM untuk Meningkatkan Penguasaan Konsep dan Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Siswa. Quagga: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Biologi, 11(2), 73. https://doi.org/10.25134/quagga.v11i2.1910
Andrews-Todd, J., & Kerr, D. (2019). Application of Ontologies for Assessing Collaborative Problem Solving Skills. International Journal of Testing, 19(2), 172–187. https://doi.org/10.1080/15305058.2019.1573823
Baharin, N., Kamarudin, N., & Manaf, U. K. A. (2018). Integrating STEM Education Approach in Enhancing Higher Order Thinking Skills. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(7), 810–821. https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v8-i7/4421
Baran, M., Baran, M., Karakoyun, F., & Maskan, A. (2021). The Influence of Project-Based STEM (PjbL-STEM) Applications on the Development of 21st-Century Skills. Journal of Turkish Science Education, 18(4), 798–815. https://doi.org/10.36681/tused.2021.104
Bulu, V. R., & Tanggur, F. (2021). The Effectiveness of STEM-Based PjBL on Student’s Critical Thinking Skills and Collaborative Attitude. Al-Jabar : Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 12(1), 219–228. https://doi.org/10.24042/ajpm.v12i1.8831
Chen, L., Yoshimatsu, N., Goda, Y., Okubo, F., Taniguchi, Y., Oi, M., Konomi, S., Shimada, A., Ogata, H., & Yamada, M. (2019). Direction of Collaborative Problem Solving-Based STEM Learning by Learning Analytics Approach. Research and Practice in Technology Enhanced Learning, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41039-019-0119-y
Dwyer, C. P., Hogan, M. J., & Stewart, I. (2014). An Integrated Critical Thinking Framework for The 21st Century. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 12, 43–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2013.12.004
Fiore, S. M., Graesser, A., & Greiff, S. (2018). Collaborative Problem-Solving Education for the Twenty-First-Century Workforce. Nature Human Behaviour, 2(6), 367–369. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-018-0363-y
He, Q., von Davier, M., Greiff, S., Steinhauer, E. W., & Borysewicz, P. B. (2017). Collaborative Problem Solving Measures in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). Methodology of Educational Measurement and Assessment, April, 95–111. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33261-1_7
Hesse, F., Care, E., Buder, J., Sassenberg, K., & Griffi, P. (2015). Assessment and Teaching of 21st Century Skills. Assessment and Teaching of 21st Century Skills, 37–57. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9395-7
Isro, A. L., Anggraito, Y. U., & Bintari, S. H. (2021). Description of Students’ Critical Thinking Skills in Integrated PjBL STEM Learning Environmental Change Material. Journal of Innovative Science Education, 10(3), 237–243.
Laboy-Rush, D. (2010). Integrated STEM education through game-based learning. 2238–2242. https://doi.org/10.51272/pmena.42.2020-381
Leedy, D. P., & Ormrod, J. E. (2021). Practical Research: Planning and Design (Twelfth Ed). Pearson Education Limited.
Noviyanti, M. (2011). Pengaruh Motivasi dan Keterampilan Berkomunikasi Terhadap Prestasi Belajar Mahasiswa pada Tutorial Online Berbasis Pendekatan Kontekstual pada Matakuliah Statistika Pendidikan. Jurnal Pendidikan, 12(2), 81–88.
Nurfaijah, S., Sumarni, W., Sumarti, S. S., & Kurniawan, C. (2021). Pengaruh Project Based Learning Terintegrasi STEM pada Pembelajaran Hidrolisis Garam terhadap Keaktifan Siswa. Chemistry in Education, 10(2252). https://doi.org/http://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/chemined
Nurjanah, A. P., & Anggraini, G. (2020). Metode Bercerita Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berbicara Pada Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun Ayu. Jurnal Ilmiah Potensia, 5(1), 1–7.
OECD. (2017). PISA 2015 Assessment and Analytical Framework: Science, Reading, Mathematic, Financial Literacy and Collaborative Problem Solving (Revised Edition). In OECD Publishing.
Parno, Yuliati, L., Munfaridah, N., Ali, M., Rosyidah, F. U. N., & Indrasari, N. (2020). The Effect of Project Based Learning-STEM on Problem Solving Skills for Students in the Topic of Electromagnetic Induction. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1521(2). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1521/2/022025
Sasson, I., Yehuda, I., & Malkinson, N. (2018). Fostering the Skills of Critical Thinking and Question-Posing in a Project-Based Learning Environment. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 29, 203–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2018.08.001
Sinensis, A. R., Firman, H., Hamidah, I., & Muslim, M. (2019). Reconstruction of Collaborative Problem Solving Based Learning in Thermodynamics with the Aid of Interactive Simulation and Derivative Games. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1157(3). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1157/3/032042
Solihin, A., Wibowo, F. C., & Astra, I. M. (2021). Review of Trends Project Based Learning (PjBL) Integrated STEM in Physics Learning. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2019(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2019/1/012031
Syarifah, T. J., Usodo, B., & Riyadi, R. (2018). Higher Order Thinking (Hot) Problems To Develop Critical Thinking Ability and Student Self Efficacy in Learning Mathematics Primary Schools. Social, Humanities, and Educational Studies (SHEs): Conference Series, 1(1), 917–925. https://doi.org/10.20961/shes.v1i1.23676
Tipani, A. (2019). Implementasi STEAM Untuk Meningkatkan Penguasaan Konsep dan Kemampuan Analitis Siswa. Jurnal Bio Educatio, 4, 70–76.
Afifah, A. N., Ilmiyati, N., & Toto, T. (2019). Model Project Based Learning (PjBL) Berbasis STEM untuk Meningkatkan Penguasaan Konsep dan Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Siswa. Quagga: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Biologi, 11(2), 73. https://doi.org/10.25134/quagga.v11i2.1910
Andrews-Todd, J., & Kerr, D. (2019). Application of Ontologies for Assessing Collaborative Problem Solving Skills. International Journal of Testing, 19(2), 172–187. https://doi.org/10.1080/15305058.2019.1573823
Baharin, N., Kamarudin, N., & Manaf, U. K. A. (2018). Integrating STEM Education Approach in Enhancing Higher Order Thinking Skills. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(7), 810–821. https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v8-i7/4421
Baran, M., Baran, M., Karakoyun, F., & Maskan, A. (2021). The Influence of Project-Based STEM (PjbL-STEM) Applications on the Development of 21st-Century Skills. Journal of Turkish Science Education, 18(4), 798–815. https://doi.org/10.36681/tused.2021.104
Bulu, V. R., & Tanggur, F. (2021). The Effectiveness of STEM-Based PjBL on Student’s Critical Thinking Skills and Collaborative Attitude. Al-Jabar : Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 12(1), 219–228. https://doi.org/10.24042/ajpm.v12i1.8831
Chen, L., Yoshimatsu, N., Goda, Y., Okubo, F., Taniguchi, Y., Oi, M., Konomi, S., Shimada, A., Ogata, H., & Yamada, M. (2019). Direction of Collaborative Problem Solving-Based STEM Learning by Learning Analytics Approach. Research and Practice in Technology Enhanced Learning, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41039-019-0119-y
Dwyer, C. P., Hogan, M. J., & Stewart, I. (2014). An Integrated Critical Thinking Framework for The 21st Century. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 12, 43–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2013.12.004
Fiore, S. M., Graesser, A., & Greiff, S. (2018). Collaborative Problem-Solving Education for the Twenty-First-Century Workforce. Nature Human Behaviour, 2(6), 367–369. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-018-0363-y
He, Q., von Davier, M., Greiff, S., Steinhauer, E. W., & Borysewicz, P. B. (2017). Collaborative Problem Solving Measures in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). Methodology of Educational Measurement and Assessment, April, 95–111. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33261-1_7
Hesse, F., Care, E., Buder, J., Sassenberg, K., & Griffi, P. (2015). Assessment and Teaching of 21st Century Skills. Assessment and Teaching of 21st Century Skills, 37–57. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9395-7
Isro, A. L., Anggraito, Y. U., & Bintari, S. H. (2021). Description of Students’ Critical Thinking Skills in Integrated PjBL STEM Learning Environmental Change Material. Journal of Innovative Science Education, 10(3), 237–243.
Laboy-Rush, D. (2010). Integrated STEM education through game-based learning. 2238–2242. https://doi.org/10.51272/pmena.42.2020-381
Leedy, D. P., & Ormrod, J. E. (2021). Practical Research: Planning and Design (Twelfth Ed). Pearson Education Limited.
Noviyanti, M. (2011). Pengaruh Motivasi dan Keterampilan Berkomunikasi Terhadap Prestasi Belajar Mahasiswa pada Tutorial Online Berbasis Pendekatan Kontekstual pada Matakuliah Statistika Pendidikan. Jurnal Pendidikan, 12(2), 81–88.
Nurfaijah, S., Sumarni, W., Sumarti, S. S., & Kurniawan, C. (2021). Pengaruh Project Based Learning Terintegrasi STEM pada Pembelajaran Hidrolisis Garam terhadap Keaktifan Siswa. Chemistry in Education, 10(2252). https://doi.org/http://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/chemined
Nurjanah, A. P., & Anggraini, G. (2020). Metode Bercerita Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berbicara Pada Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun Ayu. Jurnal Ilmiah Potensia, 5(1), 1–7.
OECD. (2017). PISA 2015 Assessment and Analytical Framework: Science, Reading, Mathematic, Financial Literacy and Collaborative Problem Solving (Revised Edition). In OECD Publishing.
Parno, Yuliati, L., Munfaridah, N., Ali, M., Rosyidah, F. U. N., & Indrasari, N. (2020). The Effect of Project Based Learning-STEM on Problem Solving Skills for Students in the Topic of Electromagnetic Induction. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1521(2). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1521/2/022025
Sasson, I., Yehuda, I., & Malkinson, N. (2018). Fostering the Skills of Critical Thinking and Question-Posing in a Project-Based Learning Environment. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 29, 203–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2018.08.001
Sinensis, A. R., Firman, H., Hamidah, I., & Muslim, M. (2019). Reconstruction of Collaborative Problem Solving Based Learning in Thermodynamics with the Aid of Interactive Simulation and Derivative Games. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1157(3). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1157/3/032042
Solihin, A., Wibowo, F. C., & Astra, I. M. (2021). Review of Trends Project Based Learning (PjBL) Integrated STEM in Physics Learning. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2019(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2019/1/012031
Syarifah, T. J., Usodo, B., & Riyadi, R. (2018). Higher Order Thinking (Hot) Problems To Develop Critical Thinking Ability and Student Self Efficacy in Learning Mathematics Primary Schools. Social, Humanities, and Educational Studies (SHEs): Conference Series, 1(1), 917–925. https://doi.org/10.20961/shes.v1i1.23676
Tipani, A. (2019). Implementasi STEAM Untuk Meningkatkan Penguasaan Konsep dan Kemampuan Analitis Siswa. Jurnal Bio Educatio, 4, 70–76.
Andrews-Todd, J., & Kerr, D. (2019). Application of Ontologies for Assessing Collaborative Problem Solving Skills. International Journal of Testing, 19(2), 172–187. https://doi.org/10.1080/15305058.2019.1573823
Baharin, N., Kamarudin, N., & Manaf, U. K. A. (2018). Integrating STEM Education Approach in Enhancing Higher Order Thinking Skills. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(7), 810–821. https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v8-i7/4421
Baran, M., Baran, M., Karakoyun, F., & Maskan, A. (2021). The Influence of Project-Based STEM (PjbL-STEM) Applications on the Development of 21st-Century Skills. Journal of Turkish Science Education, 18(4), 798–815. https://doi.org/10.36681/tused.2021.104
Bulu, V. R., & Tanggur, F. (2021). The Effectiveness of STEM-Based PjBL on Student’s Critical Thinking Skills and Collaborative Attitude. Al-Jabar : Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 12(1), 219–228. https://doi.org/10.24042/ajpm.v12i1.8831
Chen, L., Yoshimatsu, N., Goda, Y., Okubo, F., Taniguchi, Y., Oi, M., Konomi, S., Shimada, A., Ogata, H., & Yamada, M. (2019). Direction of Collaborative Problem Solving-Based STEM Learning by Learning Analytics Approach. Research and Practice in Technology Enhanced Learning, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41039-019-0119-y
Dwyer, C. P., Hogan, M. J., & Stewart, I. (2014). An Integrated Critical Thinking Framework for The 21st Century. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 12, 43–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2013.12.004
Fiore, S. M., Graesser, A., & Greiff, S. (2018). Collaborative Problem-Solving Education for the Twenty-First-Century Workforce. Nature Human Behaviour, 2(6), 367–369. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-018-0363-y
He, Q., von Davier, M., Greiff, S., Steinhauer, E. W., & Borysewicz, P. B. (2017). Collaborative Problem Solving Measures in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). Methodology of Educational Measurement and Assessment, April, 95–111. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33261-1_7
Hesse, F., Care, E., Buder, J., Sassenberg, K., & Griffi, P. (2015). Assessment and Teaching of 21st Century Skills. Assessment and Teaching of 21st Century Skills, 37–57. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9395-7
Isro, A. L., Anggraito, Y. U., & Bintari, S. H. (2021). Description of Students’ Critical Thinking Skills in Integrated PjBL STEM Learning Environmental Change Material. Journal of Innovative Science Education, 10(3), 237–243.
Laboy-Rush, D. (2010). Integrated STEM education through game-based learning. 2238–2242. https://doi.org/10.51272/pmena.42.2020-381
Leedy, D. P., & Ormrod, J. E. (2021). Practical Research: Planning and Design (Twelfth Ed). Pearson Education Limited.
Noviyanti, M. (2011). Pengaruh Motivasi dan Keterampilan Berkomunikasi Terhadap Prestasi Belajar Mahasiswa pada Tutorial Online Berbasis Pendekatan Kontekstual pada Matakuliah Statistika Pendidikan. Jurnal Pendidikan, 12(2), 81–88.
Nurfaijah, S., Sumarni, W., Sumarti, S. S., & Kurniawan, C. (2021). Pengaruh Project Based Learning Terintegrasi STEM pada Pembelajaran Hidrolisis Garam terhadap Keaktifan Siswa. Chemistry in Education, 10(2252). https://doi.org/http://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/chemined
Nurjanah, A. P., & Anggraini, G. (2020). Metode Bercerita Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berbicara Pada Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun Ayu. Jurnal Ilmiah Potensia, 5(1), 1–7.
OECD. (2017). PISA 2015 Assessment and Analytical Framework: Science, Reading, Mathematic, Financial Literacy and Collaborative Problem Solving (Revised Edition). In OECD Publishing.
Parno, Yuliati, L., Munfaridah, N., Ali, M., Rosyidah, F. U. N., & Indrasari, N. (2020). The Effect of Project Based Learning-STEM on Problem Solving Skills for Students in the Topic of Electromagnetic Induction. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1521(2). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1521/2/022025
Sasson, I., Yehuda, I., & Malkinson, N. (2018). Fostering the Skills of Critical Thinking and Question-Posing in a Project-Based Learning Environment. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 29, 203–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2018.08.001
Sinensis, A. R., Firman, H., Hamidah, I., & Muslim, M. (2019). Reconstruction of Collaborative Problem Solving Based Learning in Thermodynamics with the Aid of Interactive Simulation and Derivative Games. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1157(3). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1157/3/032042
Solihin, A., Wibowo, F. C., & Astra, I. M. (2021). Review of Trends Project Based Learning (PjBL) Integrated STEM in Physics Learning. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2019(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2019/1/012031
Syarifah, T. J., Usodo, B., & Riyadi, R. (2018). Higher Order Thinking (Hot) Problems To Develop Critical Thinking Ability and Student Self Efficacy in Learning Mathematics Primary Schools. Social, Humanities, and Educational Studies (SHEs): Conference Series, 1(1), 917–925. https://doi.org/10.20961/shes.v1i1.23676
Tipani, A. (2019). Implementasi STEAM Untuk Meningkatkan Penguasaan Konsep dan Kemampuan Analitis Siswa. Jurnal Bio Educatio, 4, 70–76.
Afifah, A. N., Ilmiyati, N., & Toto, T. (2019). Model Project Based Learning (PjBL) Berbasis STEM untuk Meningkatkan Penguasaan Konsep dan Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Siswa. Quagga: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Biologi, 11(2), 73. https://doi.org/10.25134/quagga.v11i2.1910
Andrews-Todd, J., & Kerr, D. (2019). Application of Ontologies for Assessing Collaborative Problem Solving Skills. International Journal of Testing, 19(2), 172–187. https://doi.org/10.1080/15305058.2019.1573823
Baharin, N., Kamarudin, N., & Manaf, U. K. A. (2018). Integrating STEM Education Approach in Enhancing Higher Order Thinking Skills. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(7), 810–821. https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v8-i7/4421
Baran, M., Baran, M., Karakoyun, F., & Maskan, A. (2021). The Influence of Project-Based STEM (PjbL-STEM) Applications on the Development of 21st-Century Skills. Journal of Turkish Science Education, 18(4), 798–815. https://doi.org/10.36681/tused.2021.104
Bulu, V. R., & Tanggur, F. (2021). The Effectiveness of STEM-Based PjBL on Student’s Critical Thinking Skills and Collaborative Attitude. Al-Jabar : Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 12(1), 219–228. https://doi.org/10.24042/ajpm.v12i1.8831
Chen, L., Yoshimatsu, N., Goda, Y., Okubo, F., Taniguchi, Y., Oi, M., Konomi, S., Shimada, A., Ogata, H., & Yamada, M. (2019). Direction of Collaborative Problem Solving-Based STEM Learning by Learning Analytics Approach. Research and Practice in Technology Enhanced Learning, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41039-019-0119-y
Dwyer, C. P., Hogan, M. J., & Stewart, I. (2014). An Integrated Critical Thinking Framework for The 21st Century. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 12, 43–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2013.12.004
Fiore, S. M., Graesser, A., & Greiff, S. (2018). Collaborative Problem-Solving Education for the Twenty-First-Century Workforce. Nature Human Behaviour, 2(6), 367–369. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-018-0363-y
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Hesse, F., Care, E., Buder, J., Sassenberg, K., & Griffi, P. (2015). Assessment and Teaching of 21st Century Skills. Assessment and Teaching of 21st Century Skills, 37–57. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9395-7
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Fiore, S. M., Graesser, A., & Greiff, S. (2018). Collaborative Problem-Solving Education for the Twenty-First-Century Workforce. Nature Human Behaviour, 2(6), 367–369. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-018-0363-y
He, Q., von Davier, M., Greiff, S., Steinhauer, E. W., & Borysewicz, P. B. (2017). Collaborative Problem Solving Measures in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). Methodology of Educational Measurement and Assessment, April, 95–111. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33261-1_7
Hesse, F., Care, E., Buder, J., Sassenberg, K., & Griffi, P. (2015). Assessment and Teaching of 21st Century Skills. Assessment and Teaching of 21st Century Skills, 37–57. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9395-7
Isro, A. L., Anggraito, Y. U., & Bintari, S. H. (2021). Description of Students’ Critical Thinking Skills in Integrated PjBL STEM Learning Environmental Change Material. Journal of Innovative Science Education, 10(3), 237–243.
Laboy-Rush, D. (2010). Integrated STEM education through game-based learning. 2238–2242. https://doi.org/10.51272/pmena.42.2020-381
Leedy, D. P., & Ormrod, J. E. (2021). Practical Research: Planning and Design (Twelfth Ed). Pearson Education Limited.
Noviyanti, M. (2011). Pengaruh Motivasi dan Keterampilan Berkomunikasi Terhadap Prestasi Belajar Mahasiswa pada Tutorial Online Berbasis Pendekatan Kontekstual pada Matakuliah Statistika Pendidikan. Jurnal Pendidikan, 12(2), 81–88.
Nurfaijah, S., Sumarni, W., Sumarti, S. S., & Kurniawan, C. (2021). Pengaruh Project Based Learning Terintegrasi STEM pada Pembelajaran Hidrolisis Garam terhadap Keaktifan Siswa. Chemistry in Education, 10(2252). https://doi.org/http://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/chemined
Nurjanah, A. P., & Anggraini, G. (2020). Metode Bercerita Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berbicara Pada Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun Ayu. Jurnal Ilmiah Potensia, 5(1), 1–7.
OECD. (2017). PISA 2015 Assessment and Analytical Framework: Science, Reading, Mathematic, Financial Literacy and Collaborative Problem Solving (Revised Edition). In OECD Publishing.
Parno, Yuliati, L., Munfaridah, N., Ali, M., Rosyidah, F. U. N., & Indrasari, N. (2020). The Effect of Project Based Learning-STEM on Problem Solving Skills for Students in the Topic of Electromagnetic Induction. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1521(2). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1521/2/022025
Sasson, I., Yehuda, I., & Malkinson, N. (2018). Fostering the Skills of Critical Thinking and Question-Posing in a Project-Based Learning Environment. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 29, 203–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2018.08.001
Sinensis, A. R., Firman, H., Hamidah, I., & Muslim, M. (2019). Reconstruction of Collaborative Problem Solving Based Learning in Thermodynamics with the Aid of Interactive Simulation and Derivative Games. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1157(3). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1157/3/032042
Solihin, A., Wibowo, F. C., & Astra, I. M. (2021). Review of Trends Project Based Learning (PjBL) Integrated STEM in Physics Learning. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2019(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2019/1/012031
Syarifah, T. J., Usodo, B., & Riyadi, R. (2018). Higher Order Thinking (Hot) Problems To Develop Critical Thinking Ability and Student Self Efficacy in Learning Mathematics Primary Schools. Social, Humanities, and Educational Studies (SHEs): Conference Series, 1(1), 917–925. https://doi.org/10.20961/shes.v1i1.23676
Tipani, A. (2019). Implementasi STEAM Untuk Meningkatkan Penguasaan Konsep dan Kemampuan Analitis Siswa. Jurnal Bio Educatio, 4, 70–76.
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